Talking to your kids about sex can be daunting, no matter how
close you are. But discussing issues like abstinence,
sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
, and birth control can help lower teens' risk of an
unintended pregnancy
or contracting an STD.
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) supports sex education
that includes information about both abstinence and birth control.
Research has shown that this information doesn't increase
kids' level of sexual activity, but actually promotes and
increases the proper use of birth control methods among sexually
active teens.
How and when you discuss sex and birth control is up to you.
Providing the facts is vital, but it's also wise to tell your
kids where you stand. Remember, by approaching these issues like
any other health topics, not as something dirty or embarrassing,
you increase the odds that your kids will feel comfortable coming
to you with any questions and problems. As awkward as it might
feel, answer questions honestly. And if you don't know the
answers, it's OK to say so, then find out and report back.
If you have questions about how to talk with your son or
daughter about sex, consider consulting your doctor. Lots of
parents find this tough to tackle, and a doctor may offer some
helpful perspective.
What Is a Diaphragm?
A diaphragm is a dome-shaped bowl made of thin, flexible rubber
that sits over the cervix, the part of the uterus that opens into
the upper part of the vagina.
How Does a Diaphragm Work?
A diaphragm keeps sperm from entering the uterus by blocking the
cervix. For added protection,
spermicide
is put into the bowl of the diaphragm and along its edges before
inserting the diaphragm high into the vagina so it covers the
cervix.
The diaphragm is inserted up to 6 hours before having sex. More
spermicide must be used each time a young woman has sex while
wearing the diaphragm. After sex, the diaphragm must be left in for
at least 6 hours, but no longer than 24 hours. The diaphragm can be
removed by placing a finger into the vagina to pull it out.
After the diaphragm is removed, it must be washed, rinsed, and
dried, then stored in its case. It should not be dusted with baby
powder and should never be used with oil-based lubricants such as
mineral oil, petroleum jelly, or baby oil, which can cause the
rubber to become brittle and crack. Other vaginal creams, such as
yeast medicines, can also damage the rubber.
A diaphragm should be replaced at least every 2 years. It should
be examined regularly for holes or weak spots, and replaced as
needed.
How Well Does a Diaphragm Work?
Over the course of a year, 16 out of 100 typical couples who
rely on the diaphragm to prevent pregnancy will have an accidental
pregnancy. Of course, these are average figures and the chance of
getting pregnant depends on whether it's used correctly every
time.
In general, how well each type of birth control method works
depends on many things. With a diaphragm, the two most important
things are that it fits correctly and that it is used every time a
couple has sex.
Protection Against STDs
The diaphragm does not protect against STDs. Couples having sex
must always use
condoms
along with the diaphragm to protect against STDs.
Abstinence (not having sex) is the only method that always
prevents pregnancy and STDs.
Possible Side Effects
Most young women who use a diaphragm have no problems with it,
but possible side effects include:
- Spermicides may irritate the vagina and surrounding
skin.
- Strong odors or vaginal discharge may appear if the diaphragm
is left in too long.
- The rubber or latex in the diaphragm may cause an allergic
reaction (this is rare).
-
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS)
is a rare complication if the diaphragm is left in too long.
Who Uses Diaphragms?
A young woman who can take responsibility for sex in advance can
use a diaphragm. With a diaphragm, she must always have a supply of
spermicide. In addition, the diaphragm is good for anyone who wants
to have sex during her period - the diaphragm catches the blood
before it leaves the vagina. The diaphragm isn't good for
anyone who is uncomfortable or uneasy with the thought of reaching
into her vagina. And it may not be a good choice if there are
certain medical conditions present, such as frequent urinary tract
infections.
Where Are Diaphragms Available?
A diaphragm has to be fitted by a doctor. During a pelvic exam
the doctor will measure the vagina to determine which diaphragm
size is the right fit, then teach the patient how to insert and
remove it. Some doctors may even have the woman insert the
diaphragm at home, then come in while wearing it to check that
it's positioned correctly. A diaphragm that's inserted
incorrectly can result in pregnancy.
During the annual exam, the doctor will make sure the diaphragm
still fits correctly. It may not fit if a girl has gained or lost
10 pounds, had a baby, had an abortion, or was fitted when she was
a virgin and she is now having sex.
How Much Does a Diaphragm Cost?
A diaphragm usually costs about $30-$50. It should be replaced
every 2 years. There is also the cost of the doctor's visit and
a fitting fee. Many health insurance plans cover these costs and
family planning clinics (such as Planned Parenthood) charge much
less. In addition, the cost of spermicide is about $0.50 to $1.50
per use.
Reviewed by:
Larissa Hirsch, MD
Date reviewed: January 2007
Note: All information is for educational purposes only. For specific medical advice,
diagnoses, and treatment, consult your doctor.
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