Long-chain-hydroxy Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (LCHAD), and mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency (TFP) are disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. They have overlapping clinical presentation that can include: feeding difficulties, lethargy, hypoglycemia, muscle weakness and liver dysfunction in infancy or early childhood. These symptoms are often triggered by prolonged fasting or viral infections. Muscle pain, breakdown of muscle tissue and peripheral neuropathy may occur later in childhood. These patients are at risk for complications such as life-threatening heart problems and sudden unexpected death. Carrier women pregnant with affected fetuses can develop Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (AFLP).

The mitochondrial trifunctional protein consists of 3 enzymes that work together to metabolize long-chain fats. Most patients have isolated deficiency of the LCHAD enzyme caused by mutations in the HADHA gene. A small portion of patients have defects in all three enzymes, called TFP deficiency, which is due to mutations in the HADHA or HADHB gene.