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Chromosomes contain the thousands of genes in the human genome that direct cellular processes controlling growth, development, and functioning of the human body. Gains or losses in chromosome content lead to alterations in gene function and disrupt these vital cellular processes. This can result in mental retardation or other developmental abnormalities, birth defects, and many well-characterized genetic syndromes. This test will detect abnormalities in chromosome number, large chromosomal duplications and deletions and other large structural rearrangements.